GROWTH VIOLENT SEPARATIST MOVEMENTSAND THEIR IMPACT ON NATIONAL SECURITY STATE
Keywords:
separatism, the right to self-determination, separatist movements, national securityAbstract
Separatism as a socio-historical phenomenon is the subject of research of a number of scientific disciplines. Precisely because of this fact, the precise definition of the notion itself is difficult and limited by the various theoretical interpretations of the author, or the concrete goals that the research is seeking to achieve. The right to self-determination (determination) is the basis of the secessionist activities of ethnic groups that strive to constitute a new state and social order or a radical change of the existing one. Namely, the right to self-determination does not necessarily involve the creation of a new state, but by invoking it a certain degree of autonomy can be achieved without the necessity of redefining existing borders. The Separatist movements of the last few decades have become a powerful instrument of the so- "Hybrid wars" with negative security implications at the national, regional and global level of analysis.The aim of this study is a systematic review of some works which served to point out the danger of separatist movements by certain value (eg, population, territorial integrity and sovereignty) to protect national security. The research focus focuses on the separatist movements that have emerged in the African continent and which differ from other movements around the world by the violent means used in their struggle for independence.
Downloads
References
Aneke, L. (2007). The Untold Story of the Nigerian–Biafra War. New York: Triumph Publishing.
Bartkus, V. O. (1999). The dynamic of secession. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bates, R. (1983). ‘Modernization, Ethnic Competition, and the Rationality of Politics in Contemporary Africa’, in Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola, eds, State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.
Beary, B. (2011). Separatist movements: A global reference. Washington D.C: CQ Press.
Bereketeab, R. (2012). Self-Determination and Secessionism in Somaliland and South Sudan Challenges to Postcolonial State-building. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.
Borgen, C.(2010). From Kosovo to Catalonia: Separatism and Integration in Europe, in: Goettingen Journal of International Law 2 (3), 997-1033.
Bryden, M. (2004). Somalia and Somaliland: Envisioning a dialogue on the question of Somali unity. African Security Studies, 13(2), 23-33.
Chen, L. C. (1981). Self-Determination: An Important Dimension of the Demand for Freedom. In Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chiluwa, I. (2012). Social media networks and the discourse of resistance: A sociolinguistic CDA of Biafra online discourses. Discourse & Society, 23(3), 217-244.
Collins, R. O. (1999). Africans, Arabs, and Islamists: From the conference tables to the battlefields in the Sudan. African Studies Review, 42(2), 105-123.
Dike, I. (2006). Chronicles of brutality in Nigeria, issue I8 (2000–2006). Preuzeto 25.12.2018 sa adrese: http://cwis.org/publications/FWE/archive-2004-2007/chroniclesof-brutality-in-nigeria/
Duruji, M. (2009). Social inequality, democratic transition and the Igbo nationalism resurgence in Nigeria. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 3(1), 54–65.
Ebiem, O. (2011). Playing to the gallery: The delusion of some Igbo/Biafrans. Preuzeto 18.12.2018 sa adrese: http://www.modernghana.com/news/325989/1/playing-to-thegallary-the-delusion
Espinosa, J. F. E., Espinosa, E., & Reschke. (2017). Self-Determination and Humanitarian Secession in International Law of a Globalized World. Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature.
Global security (2019). Biafra. Preuzeto 6.01.2019. sa adrese: https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/biafra.htm
Global security (2019). Somaliland. Preuzeto 5.01.2019 sa adrese https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/somaliland.htm
Hechter, P., Brass, R. (1992). ‘Language and National Identity in the Soviet Union and India’, in Alexander J. Motyl, ed., Thinking Theoretically About Soviet Nationalities: History and Comparison in the Study of the USSR. New York: Columbia University Press.
Jok, J. M., & Hutchinson, S. E. (1999). Sudan's prolonged second civil war and the militarization of Nuer and Dinka ethnic identities. African Studies Review, 42(2), 125-145.
Keller, E. J. (2007). Secessionism in Africa. The Journal of African Policy Studies, 13(1), 1-26.
Le Breton, M., & Weber, S. (2003). The art of making everybody happy: how to prevent a secession. IMF staff papers, 50(3), 403-435.
McCuen, J. J. (2008). “Hybrid Wars,” Military Review 88, 107-113.
Moore, M. (Ed.). (1998). National self-determination and secession. Oxford: OUP Oxford.
Obianyo, N. E. (2007). Citizenship and ethnic militia politics in Nigeria-marginalization or identity question? The Case of Massob. Preuzeto 5.01.2019. sa adrese: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nkolika_Obianyo/publication/267413614_Citizenship_and_Ethnic_Militia_Politics_in_Nigeria__Marginalization_or_Identity_Question_The_Case_of_MASSOB/links/57c61a8308ae0a6b0dc8dcdf/Citizenship-and-Ethnic-Militia-Politics-in-Nigeria-Marginalization-orIdentity-Question-The-Case-of-MASSOB.pdf
Ojukwu, C. (2009). Igbo nation, modern statecraft and the geopolitics of national survival in a multiethnic nation. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 3(5), 182–190.
Osuntokun, J. (1979). The historical background of Nigerian federalism. In: Akinyemi AB, Ofonagoro W and Cole PD (eds) Reading on Federalism. Lagos: Nigerian Institute of International Affairs.
Paust, J. J. (1980). Self-determination: a definitional focus. i Yonah Alexander and Robert A. Friedlander (eds.), Self-Determination: National, Regional, and Global Dimensions, Boulder: Westview Press.
Pearsall, J., & Trumble, B. (1996). The Oxford English Reference Dictionary. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Pham, P. (2011). Somalia: Where a state Isn’t a state. Preuzeto 26.12.2018. sa adrese https://static1.squarespace.com/static/579fc2ad725e253a86230610/t/57ec8e4544024301f57ad4da/1475120710320/Pham_FA.pdf
Pham, P.(2013). State Collapse, Insurgency, and Counterinsurgency: Lessons from Somalia. Preuzeto 8.01.2018. sa adrese: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a589392.pdf
Sterio, M. (2013). The Right to Self-determination Under International Law:" selfistans", Secession and the Rule of the Great Powers. London: Routledge.
