KULTURA POLISA

Artificial Intelligence, Social Unrest, and Economic Development as Antecedents of Foreign Tourist Destination Choice

Žaklina Spalević — 2025-09-09

This study examines the influence of artificial inte ligence (AI), social unrest, and economic development as key antecedents in the selection of foreign tourist destinations. Specifica ly, it investigates the extent to which tourists utilize AI tools during the decision-making process and the role AI algorithms play in facilitating destination choice. Additiona ly, the research explores how social unrest, by disrupting stability and legal order, impacts tourists’ preferences, alongside the e fect of economic development on destination attractiveness. The empirical research was conducted in the Republic of Serbia in 2025 using the survey method, and the respondents' answers were analyzed using the statistical software SmartPLS 4. The total sample consisted of 310 respondents, and the findings indicate that a l variables exert a positive influence on the selection of foreign tourist destinations. By integrating technological, socio-political, legal and economic dimensions, this study offers valuable insights for tourism and hospitality service providers aiming to optimize their strategies and better cater to evolving tourist behaviors. The research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on how advanced technologies and contextual factors shape contemporary travel decisions, ultimately supporting more informed marketing and management practices in the global tourism industry.

Mental Health Issues and Parenting Practice: Mediation of Family Connectedness

Danica Radaković Serdar — 2025-09-09

Parenting is recognized as one of the most important factors in the adjustment of children and adolescents. Contemporary interpretations of the factors involved to the parenting practice emphasize the importance of family connectedness as protective mechanism related to more parental involvement and positive parenting, and less corporal punishment, inconsistent parenting and poor monitoring.The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between patents’ mental health issues and positive and negative parenting practice. Additiona ly, the study seeks to explore indirect relations between parents’ mental health issues, and positive and negative parenting practice with family connectedness as a mediating factor. The sample consisted of 216 parents (82.1% female). Data on parents’ mental health issues were assessed using Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) parenting practice were co lected using the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ), and data on family connectedness were assessed using the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS). The results indicate that direct link was found between parents’ stress and inconsistent parenting (Z = 2.238; p < .05) and parents’ anxiety and poor monitoring (Z = 2.472; p < .05), while the indirect effects were found between parents’ stress and parental involvement (Z = -2.825; p < .01),parents’ stress and corporal punishment (Z = 2.405; p < .05). The findings are discussed considering the significance of family connectedness on parenting practice.

Arbitration in Sports Dispute Resolution: The Role and Importance of International Sports Arbitration

Milica Kastratović — 2025-09-09

The relationship between law and sports is becoming increasingly significant in contemporary society. The rise in legal disputes, the development of sports management, entrepreneurship, sponsorship, marketing, doping issues, gender equality, and growing interest in the field a l point to the need for an interdisciplinary approach to examining the connection between sports and the economy, as we l as the development of the economic potential of sports. In Serbia, as in many other countries, sports law is a relatively new legal discipline undergoing major transformations. There is growing interest in the study of sport not only as a phenomenon within the legal system but also as an economic sector. Sports and the economy are closely intertwined, as the sports industry represents a crucial segment of the global economy. Professional sports, recreational activities, sports infrastructure, and the sports equipment industry generate substantial annual revenue, contributing to employment. This has led to an increasing number of legal disputes related to contracts, player transfers, sponsorship agreements, and violations of anti-doping regulations. Sports are no longer solely recreational activities; they have evolved into a key sector involving various economic activities such as the organization of sports events, sponsorship and partnership arrangements, marketing, media rights, tourism, and hospitality. This paper analyzes the role and importance of arbitration in sports dispute resolution, focusing on the Court of Arbitration for Sport as the central institution for resolving sports disputes on an international level. It explores the legal framework, procedures, and regulations governing arbitration processes, as we l as the advantages and disadvantages of arbitration compared to judicial proceedings. By analyzing relevant cases, the paper examines the impact of sports arbitration on the rights of athletes, clubs, and federations, as we l as the economic consequences of arbitration rulings. The research aims to determine whether arbitration is a more e ficient mechanism for resolving sports disputes than traditional court proceedings and to propose potential reforms to improve the legal framework for sports-related conflicts.

Dissemination of News in the Global Society and the Influence of Global Media Companies

Jovana Mlinarević — 2025-09-09

This paper presents various perspectives of media globalisation theorists on the processes it has brought within the media themselves, as we l as how global media processes have transformed the presence of media on the international media scene.A sma l number of media conglomerates control a significant portion of the media market, where information and ideas are exchanged worldwide and where the struggle for dominance and supremacy is constant.The rise of global media—referred to by Edward Herman and Robert McChesney (2004) as the new missionaries of corporate capitalism— has been accompanied by complex media processes such as media deregulation, privatisation, concentration, liberalisation, commercialisation and consolidation.The aim of this paper is to identify some of the consequences that global media processes and trends have had on audiences, journalists and the media. These processes do not occur in the same way in every media market and country, as each country behaves differently within the global media market. Many countries strongly resist the process of globalisation (of which media globalisation is only a part) due to the emergence of unification, uniformity of media content and the colapse of national media and other types of culture, knowing that this leads to homogenization. In systems in transition, such as our media system, there has been a disintegration of traditiona ly oriented state subsidised media. There is an explosion of advertising, and media companies are transforming into enterprises with a strong commercial character, often prioritising entertainment media content over educational content. The internet has played a key role in the process of media globalisation. Due to the emergence of the internet, the modern media audience is both creator and consumer of media content. Because the world is networked and anyone can create content that can become news delivered to everyone, professional and responsible journalism, which involves verification, analysis, and contextual connection, as we l as fulfi ling other factors that turn an event into news, is losing its significance.

The Position of Human Rights Within the Framework of the International Legal Order

Goran Milojević — 2025-09-09

Human rights achieved their fu l a firmation in the period fo lowing the Second World War. Although the origins of the idea of incorporating human rights into the international legal order date back much earlier, their legal validation is primarily associated with legal instruments adopted under the auspices of the United Nations. Consequently, their specific features must be assessed in light of the normative solutions contained in the core international legal instruments. This paper wi l employ a broad methodological framework, with emphasis on the comparative method, historical method, content analysis, systematic approach, linguistic analysis of legal texts, among others. The application of these methods wi l be directed towards a better understanding of the various legal solutions which, in certain respects, exhibit significant differences. The paper wi l provide a general definition and understanding of human rights, the development of the idea of human rights at the level of legal theory, the possibility of their lawful limitation, the current state of their practical implementation, and related issues. Recognizing the importance of the practical application of human rights, the paper wi l refer to judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. Particular attention wi l be paid to the judgments in which the Republic of Serbia was found to have violated human rights through various forms of conduct by state authorities. The aim of the paper is to present the field of human rights in a manner that enables the reader to properly understand their legal specificities. This aim is considered justified in circumstances where the phenomenon of human rights is widely exploited in the media across the world, often accompanied by inaccurate assessments of their scope in the practical application of legal provisions.

The Importance of Witnesses in Civil and Criminal Proceedings

Marko Stanković — 2025-09-09

Witnesses represent one of the oldest means of evidence used in evidentiary proceedings. A witness is a natural person who provides the court with information about a particular event. However, in practice, besides being one of the most commonly used means of evidence, witnesses may sometimes prove to be an unreliable source of evidence. It often happens that witnesses incorrectly observe an event or, due to the passage of time between the event and the court proceedings, forget or convey an altered version of their sensory perception. The subject of this paper is the evidentiary significance that witnesses may have in court proceedings. The importance of witnesses as a means of evidence is assessed differently in practice, depending on whether the procedure is civil or criminal. In civil proceedings, their credibility is ranked immediately below documents, on-site inspections, and expert opinions, which are considered more reliable means of evidence. In criminal proceedings, however, witness testimony is regarded as one of the key evidentiary actions evaluated by the court during the decision-making process.

The Concept of Human Rights and the Rights of National Minorities in the Serbian Constitution

Milan Rapajić — 2025-09-09

In this paper the authors first discuss the concept of human rights as a set of rights and freedoms which belong to al people. Broader definitions determining this concept may include the terms which refer to inalienability of human rights and freedoms and their origin in natural law. In order to better understand the concept of minority rights, the authors of this paper decided to draw your attention to the classification of human rights and freedoms. Then, the author’s focus changes to general discussion on the rights of national minorities. It is of crucial importance to understand that the concept of national minorities includes only autochthonous population which throughout the history inhabited the country and hold its citizenship. It does not include economic migrants, refugees and asylum seekers which are considered to be temporary residents of the country. The Republic of Serbia Constitution guarantees to national minorities equal rights and freedoms reserved for a l citizens. With the application of the normative-dogmatic method, it is indicated that the Constitution contains special provisions where national minorities are guaranteed special individual and co lective rights. Individual rights are exercised individua ly and co lective rights are exercised in national minority communities in compliance with the Constitution, law and international treaties. At the end of the paper, the authors conclude that human rights and freedoms, including the rights and freedoms of minorities, can be exercised only in a democratic society.