KULTURA POLISA

ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDE THROUGH LEGAL REGULATIONS: NAVIGATING THROUGH THE COMPLEXITY OF LEGAL REGULATIONS

2025-04-01T13:13:53+02:00

The issue of ecology and the activities that are important for it for several decades is an ever-current issue that is sometimes perceived lightly. This paper examines the impact of legal legislation and environmental awareness on the effective implementation of environmental protection measures in the Republic of Serbia. It is hypothesized that a deeper understanding of environmental legal regulations contributes to a better reaction of institutions to environmental challenges. The analysis highlights the importance of the legal regulation and institutional framework, including the Criminal Code and relevant sectoral laws, that define environmental crime. In this paper, he points out the inconsistency between different state authorities in the fight against environmental crime, through examples of ineffective communication and coordination. A specific incident illustrates the need for a systematic approach, improving education and harmonizing legal norms. The goal is to raise awareness of environmental issues, both on an individual and global level, thus contributing to a more sustainable relationship between man and nature. And finally, this work can be seen as a unique ecological guide through legal regulations.

LEGAL MINORITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND ABUSES

2025-03-18T18:00:51+01:00

The rights of national minorities within the EU member states represent an important and current issue that attracts the attention of many researchers. The EU strives to support national minorities through its conventions and projects, aiming to provide them with economic security, social justice, and, above all, living conditions that enable them to function normally. The subject of this study is the analysis of the conventions through which the EU seeks to improve the status of national minorities, as well as an analysis of models that recommend specific activities and efforts needed to ensure that national minorities have regular access to employment, healthcare, economic prosperity, family formation, parental support, and all other aspects that would enhance tolerance and respect for national minorities in multicultural environments. The study also examines how artificial intelligence, and statistical models could detect hate speech directed at national minorities, and how the level of such hate speech can be reduced and negative consequences prevented. Finally, the study provides predictions about what the EU can expect in the future to ensure that national minorities in all countries achieve equality with the rest of the population, offering numerous useful legal, social, and economic implications.

VICTIM PROFILING

2025-04-01T13:17:28+02:00

This paper analyzes victims in the process of criminal profiling, with a particular focus on the role of their characteristics in the offender's selection process. The aim of the research is to identify key elements of victimological profiles and assess how social, psychological, and behavioral factors influence the likelihood of becoming a victim. The research questions include: What factors contribute to the selection of a specific victim? How do lifestyle and routine affect the risk of victimization? In what ways can victim analysis contribute to identifying perpetrators and preventing future crimes? The central hypothesis of this study is that there is a clear connection between a victim's characteristics, lifestyle, and the risk of victimization. It is assumed that criminals deliberately select victims based on their vulnerabilities, routines, and social traits, and that analyzing these factors can lead to more effective crime resolution and improved prevention strategies. The research relies on both deductive and inductive analysis of available studies, legal documents, and statistical crime data. Methods used include victimological analysis, case analysis, and comparative evaluation of existing victim profiling models.

THE SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL MODEL OF RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS IN VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN

2025-03-28T13:25:35+01:00

Protecting children from abuse and neglect is one of the fundamental principles of every society. Any form of violence against children leads to numerous consequences that affect all aspects of their lives and influence their functioning in later developmental stages. The aim of this paper is to provide a literature review explaining the risk and protective factors of violence against children, with a particular focus on the socioecological model. This model offers a multidimensional framework for understanding child abuse by analyzing how individual, family, community, and structural factors contribute to the risk of maltreatment. It emphasizes that violence against children is not merely the result of individual characteristics of parents or children but rather the outcome of interactions between multiple systems in which the child grows up. The model particularly highlights the importance of examining community and societal factors in shaping a child's environment. Through document analysis, comparative methods, induction and deduction, historical analysis, and synthesis, this paper presents research findings demonstrating the significance and interconnection of these factors. The results indicate that risk and protective factors at the community and societal levels play a crucial role in developing effective measures for the prevention of violence against children.

POLITICAL LUDOLOGY – THE APORIAS OF ONTOLOGICAL DISCREPANCY BETWEEN GAME AND POLITICS

2025-04-03T14:51:54+02:00

The paper explores the concept of political ludology by analyzing the aporias of the ontological discrepancy between games and politics in the context of video games. Although video games belong to the corpus of fiction and simulation, they simultaneously generate significant political implications, shaping perceptions of power, identity, and responsibility. The paper problematizes the way video games function as spaces for political narratives, moral dilemmas, and existential questions, questioning the boundaries between games as free, autonomous spaces and politics as an organized order of power and obligations. The opening chapter analyzes what is political in political video games and how political elements in video games seemingly converge with the eternally given and unchanging ludological concepts of games. By exploring moral dilemmas and responsibilities, the author questions how political video games place players in moral choices and how these choices impact subjective responsibility. The focus is on the ethics of decision-making, the boundaries of free will, and the ways in which the player, through interactive experience, becomes a political subject. The author also examines the paradox of freedom in video games, contrasting "freedom from" the video game with "freedom for" the player, arguing that the latter is merely a permission, an illusion offered by the creators. It analyzes how the concept of political freedom is translated into the ludological system of rules and mechanics, and to what extent the player can transcend these boundaries. The concluding chapter raises the question of the ontological status of the video game in relation to reality. It discusses whether the political dimension of a game remains confined to the realm of fiction or has the ability to transform the player's perception of the real political order. The paper addresses the boundary between simulation and reality, as well as the potential of video games to redefine political discourse beyond their virtual sphere.

NEW LEGAL HORIZONS: HYBRIDIZATION OF LAW IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0

2025-03-07T12:55:49+01:00

The evolution of modern society towards digital society with the usage of digital technology affects the transformation of the legal system, predisposing the adaptation of traditional legal norms to the needs of the digital economy. It is precisely the concept of hybridization of law that refers to the current transformation of the legal framework so that law, i.e. legal rules adequately responded to the needs and challenges of digital transformation. The authors research and discuss the scope of the hybridization of law, that is how traditional legal rules are adapted to the modern needs of science and practice, with an emphasis on legal certainty. The subject of the research is the interaction of the traditional legal system and Industry 4.0, with a focus on the adaptation and transformation of legal norms in the digital environment. Indirectly, the process of hybridization of law is in focus, which is demystified through the mutual influence of legal principles and digital innovations. The purpose of the research is to provide a comprehensive insight into the phenomenon of legal hybridization, identifying the key challenges and opportunities that Industry 4.0 brings to the legal system. Analyzing the model of law hybridization contributes to a better understanding of the development of law in the digital era and the establishment of a framework for the application of best practices in modern legal systems. To that end, the research includes an analysis of key approaches to the hybridization of law, as well as the identification of the basic elements of this process and the key legal, technological, sociological and economic factors that enable or limit its development.

THE IMPORTANCE OF GEOPOLITICS AND NATIONAL LOGISTICS FOR THE SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

2025-03-24T12:28:53+01:00

This research examines the attitudes of a targeted group of respondents (N=107) concerning emergency situations, with a particular focus on the Republic of Serbia and the critical role of national logistics in ensuring national security. Within this research framework, national logistics encompasses fulfilling all material requirements essential for effectively addressing security challenges and threats. These include the needs of the military, police, civil protection, civilian population, and economy in Serbia, such as the provision of food, clothing, fuel, equipment, ammunition, spare parts, medicines, transportation, energy, and infrastructure. The study analyzes the key factors that enable the management and mitigation of risks during war, emergencies, and crises in Serbia. It provides valuable insights into participants' attitudes and perceptions regarding the importance of logistical preparedness in reducing risks and responding to potential security threats at the national level.

MODEL OF CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION FOR THE CRIMES COMMITTED WITH THE USE OF EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES

2025-04-09T13:56:01+02:00

Explosive substances as dangerous substances are used to commit crimes both with the intention and negligence. With regards to the properties of the explosive substance its use may cause very serious consequences for the life and health of people and the environment. Problems that may arise are certain difficulties in defining the scene of the crime where an investigation should be carried out, because the evidence may be scattered over a large area and destroyed and covered too. This paper discusses the classification and analysis of crimes committed with the use of explosive substances provided in the Criminal Law of the Republic of Serbia, as well as the criminal procedural characteristics of the crime scene investigation according to the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Serbia. Special attention was paid to the criminal aspects of crime scene investigation in such cases with a focus on finding, preserving and significance of traces of explosive substances and other physical evidences with some empirical data – the number of crimes committed with/without explosions and verdicts, too. The aim of the research is solving the problem of the organisation of crime scene investigation. The result of the research is recommended model for crime scene investigation with the use of explosive substances as an attempt to improve the crime scene investigation. In order to justify the research, the statistical representation of the number of criminal acts with the use of explosive substances in the Republic of Serbia from 2017 till 2021 is presented.

WOMEN IN THE POLICE: SERBIA, MONTENEGRO, AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2025-03-07T12:53:25+01:00

We analyzed the status of women in the police organization through the gender division of labor and hegemonic masculinity in order to show as clearly as possible what prevents women from integrating into this profession in the same way as men. The police maintain hegemonic masculinity through the use of authority, the glorification of the use of force, and the subordination of women. The gender division of jobs in the police profession is carried out in such a way that women are assigned jobs that are typically female (administration, administrative jobs, juvenile delinquency jobs, counter jobs, etc.). The authors used the method of selecting available literature and databases on women in the police in three countries: Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The data in this text refer to Serbia and two neighboring countries: Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The police of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro have very similar data on the proportion of women in their services, and on average they are less than a quarter. There is an internal informal division into "female" and "male" jobs. "Women's jobs" include legal, financial, analytical jobs, then jobs related to human resources management, communication, as well as logistics support jobs, since the majority of women are in the financial sector, the human resources sector and joint jobs, administrative jobs, etc. Women are still most represented in the lowest police ranks. Other barriers include gender discrimination and harassment, male-dominated selection boards (when it comes to hiring and promotion), and working conditions that are unfavorable to family and parental responsibilities.

ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURE IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA IN THE CONTEXT OF PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF PARTIES IN THE PROCEDURE

2025-03-07T12:45:15+01:00

The enforcement procedure in the Republic of Serbia represents a key legal mechanism for the realization of creditors' rights and the execution of court decisions, playing a significant role in maintaining legal certainty and market stability. However, it is equally essential that this procedure is conducted with respect for the fundamental human rights of debtors and other participants in the process to ensure a fair balance between competing interests. This paper analyzes the fairness of the enforcement procedure through the lens of protecting the rights of the parties, with particular emphasis on the application of international and domestic legal standards. The research focuses on key human rights, including the right to a fair trial, the right to peaceful enjoyment of property, the right to privacy and family life, and the right to a home, exploring their application and protection within enforcement proceedings. The rights of parties and participants in enforcement procedures are ensured through numerous legal mechanisms, including the right to appeal, the possibility of third-party objections, and the principle of proportionality in enforcement. These principles aim to guarantee a fair procedure while respecting human rights, thereby maintaining a balance between protecting the interests of creditors and the rights of debtors. Additionally, the paper examines the principle of debtor protection, which, although not explicitly prescribed by the Law on Enforcement and Security, plays a crucial role in ensuring the fairness of the procedure

BOOK REVIEW: “CRIME GEOGRAPHY”, BY SZABOLCS MáTYáS

2025-03-19T20:12:35+01:00