SAFETY OF COSMETIC PRODUCTS: REGULATORY FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICAL CHALLENGES

Abstract

This study analyzes the regulatory aspects of cosmetic product safety, focusing on the international, european and national legal frameworks, the practical implementation of regulations and current industry trends. Cosmetic products, including formulations for skin, hair and nail care, as we l as fragrances, must be safe due to their direct impact on consumer health. The study examines the definition and classification of cosmetics in relation to medicinal and biocidal products, as we l as innovations such as natural formulations, nanomaterials, and personalized cosmetics, which further complicate the regulatory framework. Regulatory systems encompass international guidelines, the european Regulation (ЕC) 1223/2009 and Serbian national legislation. Particular emphasis is placed on product safety assessment, preparation of the Product Information File (PIF), implementation of good manufacturing Practice (GMP), ingredient and nanomaterial control, labeling and advertising, as well as cosmetovigilance and post-market surveillance to ensure timely responses to adverse effects. In practice, challenges include improper labeling, the presence of unregistered products on the market, complex cross-border supply chains, online sales, the use of nanomaterials and an underdeveloped cosmetovigilance system. Recommendations include enhancing cosmetovigilance, educating manufacturers, importers and consumers, strengthening online market oversight, adapting regulations to technological innovations and promoting international cooperation. effective consumer protection requires the integration of strict regulation, responsible conduct by all stakeholders, continuous market surveillance and the use of digital tools for standardized monitoring of adverse effects, thereby improving product safety, transparency and consumer confidence in the cosmetics market.