MODERNIZATION: DEFINING THE CONCEPT AND ITS MANIFESTATION
Keywords:
modernization, traditional, modern, classical theory, modernization revisionismAbstract
While in the conceptual terms, the origin of the modernization process lies in the enlightenment and rationalism movements, historically, modernization begins simultaneously with the beginning of industrialization and the inception of social differentiation. The classical theory determines the modernization through the development dichotomy: traditional-modern, wherein the traditional is located at a lower level of social historical development. Contrary to this view, modernization revisionism theorists believe that the division of the society into the traditional and modern, in the strict sense of the word, is not possible.
Modernization can be studied as a socio-historical process, as well as the theory and ideology. It is a global process, as it takes place at the global level, but the modernization changes take place locally, nationally (state) and regionally (inter-state).
According to the coverage, modernization can be partial and global; according to the depth, radical and creative or imitative and facade; according to the direction and actors, autonomous and heteronomous (dependent), democrat and authoritative; and depending on the acceptance of those subjects involved in its implementation and of those affected by its effects, there is a voluntary and forced modernization.
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