UPRISING AS SURVIVAL IN OCCUPIED SERBIA – THE CENTENARY OF THE TOPLICA UPRISING 1917 – 2017.
Keywords:
survival, identity, uprising, hope, reprisalsAbstract
During the years of "the Great War" challenges to Serbian identity were characterized by crucial struggle for national identity and demographic survival. Military activities during 1914 and 1915, testified about the unequivocal social consensus of the population of the Kingdom of Serbia to preserve its state in the defensive war that had been imposed on them. Due to the unfavorable development of the military-political situation, Serbia was occupied in 1916. There were two occupation zones: Austro-Hungary and Bulgaria. Testimonies about life under occupation, although they might have had insufficient historiographical interests, were numerous and waarning because of its nature. Following their national idea's instinct Bulgarian occupation was emotionally focused on vindictiveness against the Serbs, thus it literally aimed at both assimilation and national disintegration of Serbs. Unacceptable people estrangement culminated with the attempt to mobilize young men who were to be sent to fight against their compatriots to the Salonika front. This attitude caused the population that was in a hopeless situation to massively join Komitas rebel bands that were recognized as being a certain resistance to the occupation. These events resulted in the national uprising in the South-West Serbia in 1917, known as the Toplica Rebellion – the only of the kind in the occupied Europe. The occupying authorities had to engage significant military forces to stifle the uprising. Kosta Vojinovic Kosovac and Kosta Pecanac were the two most prominent leaders in this battle but they stood for two oposed concepts as to how the uprising should be organied and carried out. Due to the superiority of the enemy the uprising was suppressed and then followed by reprisals from Bulgarian frustrated nationalism.
Downloads
References
Arent H. (1999) Izvori totalitarizma, Feministička izdavačka kuća, Beograd.
Vlahović M. (1988) Braća Vlahovići 1917, Beograd.
Derok J. (1940) Toplički ustanak i oružani otpor u okupiranoj Srbiji 1916 – 1918, Beograd.
Despotović Lj. (2015) Geopolitika destrukcije, Kairos, Sremski Karlovci.
Dnevnik Koste Milovanovića Pećanca od 1916. do 1918. Godine, priredila Mladenović B. (1998), Istorijski institut, Beograd.
Živojinović D. (2011) Nadmeni saveznik i zanemareno srpstvo, Britansko-srpski odnosi (1875 – 1941.) , Albatros plus, Beograd.
Zundhauzen H. (2007) Istorija Srbije od 19. do 21. veka, Klio, Beograd.
Jovanović S. (2009) Kulturni obrazac, Stubovi kulture.
Kazivanja o Topličkom ustanku, priredila Mladenović B. (1995), Novi Sad, Izdavačka delatnost M&N.
Ković M. (2015) Srbi 1903-1914, Istorija ideje, Klio, Beograd.
Kostić R. (1987) Toplički ustanak 1917, Niš.
Крумов К. Сапунџиев И. (2017) Бойният път на войводата Тане Николов, Операция за прочистването на района на поморавието от разбойници и четници през 1917 г; Државна Агенција Архиви, Военноистоическа Комисија, Народно читалише „Зора-Кјустендил 2003“; Кјустендил, България.
Lapčević D. (1923) Okupacija, Beograd.
Marjanović P. (2017) Toplički ustanak 1917 godine, Prokuplje.
Memorandum Srpske socijalističke partije o stanju u okupiranoj Srbiji (1950) Istorijski arhiv KPJ, III, Beograd.
Mitrović A. (1984) Srbija u Prvom svetskom ratu, Srpska književna zadruga, Beograd.
Mitrović A. (1987) Ustaničke borbe u Srbiji 1916-1918, Beograd.
Mitrović A. (1993) Toplički ustanak – mesto u srpskoj istoriji, Beograd.
Mladenović B. (1996) Žena u Topličkom ustanku 1917. godine, Beograd, Socijalna misao.
Mladenović B. (1997) Novi narativni izovori o Topličkom ustanku, Istorijski časopis 42-43 (1995-1996), str.311-317.
Newman J. P. (2015) Yugoslavia in the Shadow of War, Veterans and the Limits of State Building, 1903– 1945, Cambridge university press.
Pavlović M. Mladenović B. (2003), Kosta Milovinović Pećanac, Beograd.
Perović M. (1959) Toplički ustanak, Vojno delo, Beograd.
Radojević M. Dimić Lj (2014) Srbija u Prvom svetskom ratu 1914 -1918, Srpska književna zadruga, Beograd.
Rajs A. (2014) Čujte Srbi ! Čuvajte se sebe...Pi-Pres, Pirot.
Rajs A. (2014) Ratni izveštaji iz Srbije i sa Solunskog fronta, neobjavljeni tekstovi na srpskom jeziku, Geopolitika, Beograd.
Stojanović K. (2012) Slom i vaskrs Srbije, Radio televizija Srbije, Beograd.
Stojančević V. (2016) Srbija i srpski narod u ratu i okupaciji 1914-1918. godine, Gutenbergova galaksija, Obrenovac.
Seton-Watson R. (1915) War and Democracy, London.
Todorova M. (2006) Imaginarni Balkan, 20. vek, Beograd.
Toplički ustanak 1917 (1997) Zbornik radova sa naučnog skupa, Udruženje ratnih dobrovoljaca i potomaka 1912 – 1920, Beograd.
Toplička spomenica (1934), Prokuplje.
Toplički ustanak 1917 (2007) Zbirka dokumenata, priredila Božica Mladenović, Istorijski institut, Beograd.
Hobsbaum E. (2002) Doba ekstrema, Istrorija kratkog dvadesetog veka 1914-1991, Dereta, Beograd.