TREATMENT OF MENTAL ILLNESS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL INFLUENCES INMEDIEVAL EUROPE AND SERBIA
Keywords:
mental illness, Middle Ages, religion, cultureAbstract
During the Middle Ages Europe returned to the supernatural concepts of mental illness, due to the strong religious dogmatism and various forms of superstition. The achievements of Greek and Roman medicine had become lost, and considerable regression to demonological understanding of the etiology of psychiatric disorders occurred. At the time when mysticism and magic ruled the Europe, it is particularly intriguing to consider how people with mental disorder were perceived and treated by society. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to further illuminate and compare different religious and cultural influences in medieval Europe and Serbia, not only regarding mental illness as a phenomenon, but also with regard to the treatment of people who suffered from mental illness. In order to respond to our research question, this paper analyzes the treatment and attitude towards mental illness in Western Europe, the Byzantine Empire and the Arab territories in the Iberian Peninsula, while special attention is given to the circumstances surrounding this subject in medieval Serbia. After the analysis, it is concluded that Middle Ages demonstrate a dual perspective regarding the attitude towards mental illness - while on the one hand this period represents one of the darkest and most unfavorable times in the history of mental health, on the other it is from this era that values such as care and concern for the other, charity and graciousness trace their roots, which was of great importance for the later humanization in the treatment of individuals with mental disorders.
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