RELIGION AS THE INITIATIVE OF SELF-GOVERNMENT TERRORISM
Keywords:
religion, religious beliefs, suicidal terrorism, conflictAbstract
The subject of the work is the readiness of a terrorist organization inspired by religion to use the method of suicide attack. Certain conflict areas, including IsraelPalestine, Iraq and Afghanistan, and terrorist organizations in them, have little difficulty finding volunteers who are willing to kill themselves. Instead, the presence of religious services, thought to increase the coalition's commitment, positively provides support for suicide attacks. The unique effects of religious beliefs on political violence will also be elaborated by applying their insights on variations in the severity of suicide attacks. Many experts claim that the incidence of suicidal attacks is fueled by religious beliefs and in order to test this hypothesis, it is necessary to investigate whether the total number of suicidal attacks per violent conflict or the annual number of suicide attacks per country is linked to religious conflicts.
Downloads
References
Altunbulak N., Sarica H. (2007). Religious Motivations and Suicide Bombings, Suicide as a Weapon Centre of Excellence Defence Against Terrorism, Ankara, Turkey (Ed.) IOS
Anees, M. (2006). "Salvation and Suicide: What Does Islamic Theology Say?" Dialog 45, no. 3 : 275-279.
Atran S. (2006). "Тhe Moral Logic and Growth of Suicide Terrorism". The Washington Quarterly, Center for Strategic and Int'l Studies, MIT, 29, pp.127-147.
Atran, S., & Norenzayan, A. (2004). Religion’s evolutionary landscape: Counterintuition, commitment, compassion, communion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 27, 713–770
Azam, J.P. (2005). "Suicide-Bombing as Inter-Generational Investment." Public Choice 122, no. 1–2: 177–198
Beres, L. (2007). "Religious Extremism and International Legal Norms: Perfidy,Preemption, and Irrationality." Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 39, no. 3, 709-730.
Berman, E. & Laitin, D.D. (in press). Rational martyrs: Evidence from data on suicide attacks. In E.M. Meyersson-Milgrom (Ed.) Suicide Missions and the Market for Martyrs, A Multidisciplinary Approach. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Bloom, M. (2005). Dying to kill: The allure of suicide terror. New York: Columbia UniversityPress
Brym R. Araj B. (2012). Are Suicide Bombers Suicidal? Department of Sociology University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 35:432–443, 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2012.675550
Bukay, D. (2006). The Religious Foundations of Suicide Bombings Islamist Ideology Middle East Quarterly, pp. 27-36, Vol. 13, No. 4.
Cronin, Kurth. (2003). Terrorists and Suicide Attacks. Drey Specialist in Terrorism Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division, CRS Report of congress
De la Corte I. (2014). The social psychology of suicide terrorism,
Pittel K. and Rubbelke D. (2009). Decision Processes of a Suicide Bomber – Integrating Economics and Psychology.
Emmons, R. A. & Paloutzian, R. F. (2003). The psychology of religion. Annual Review of Psychology54:377–402.
Fierke, K. M. (2009) "Agents of Death: The Structural Logic of Suicide Terrorism and Martyrdom." International Theory: A Journal of International Politics, Law and Philosophy 1, no. 2 : 155-184.
Freamon B.(2003). Martydorm, suicide, and the Islamic law of war: a short legal history, 27 Fordham international law Jorunal, 299
Ginges, J, Hansen I, and Norenzayan A. (2010). Religious Belief, Coalitional Commitment, and Support for Suicide Attacks." Evolutionary Psychology, 8(3) 346-349
Ginges, J, Hansen J., and Norenzayan J. (2009). "Religion and Support for Suicide Attacks." Psychological Science 20, no. 2: 224-230.
Ginges, J. Working Religion and supoort for suicide bombing. Devotion to God or to the Collective? Understanding the relationship between religion and popular support for suicide bombing 20. Goss, D. (2013)."Suicide Terrorism: Understanding the Mindset and Motives" .Online Theses and Dissertations. 173
Grimland, M, Apter, A & Kerkhof , A (2006). Trends the Phenomenon of Suicide Bombing. A Review of Psychological and Nonpsychological Factors Crisis ; Vol. 27(3):107–118, DOI 10.1027/0227-5910.27.3.107
Hafez, M. (2006). Rationality, culture, and structure in themaking of suicide bombers:Apreliminary theoretical synthesis and illustrative vase study. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 29, 165–185
Harrison M. (2003). The Logic of Suicide Terrorism.” Royal United Services Institute Security Monitor, vol. 2, no. 1 (2003), pp. 11–13.
Henne, P. (2012). "The Ancient Fire: Religion and Suicide Terrorism." Terrorism &Political Violence 24, no. 1: 38-60.
Horowitz, Michael CThe Rise and Spread of Suicide Bombing.” Annual Review of Political Science 18 (2015): 69-84.
Hudson, R. (1999). The sociology and psyhology of terrorism: who becomes a terrorist and why? A Report Prepared under an Interagency Agreement by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 51
Kassim, S H. (2008). "The Role of Religion in the Generation of Suicide Bombers." Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 8, no. 2 (May 2008): 204-208
Kruglanski A., Golec, А. (2005). A Individual Motivations, the Group Process and Organizational Strategies in Suicide Terrorism, Maryland, 33
Кruglanski A. ( 2009). Fully Committed: Suicide Bombers' Motivation and the Quest for Personal Significance. Political Psychology, 331-357
Kruglanski, A. W., & Orehek, E. (2011). The role of the quest for personal significance in motivating terrorism. Chapter in J. Forgas, A. Kruglanski, & K. Williams (Eds.), The Psychology of Social Conflict and Aggression. 153-166. New York: Psychology Press
Kruglanski, A., Bélanger, J, Gelfand, M., Gunaratna, R., Hettiarachchi, M., Reinares, F., Orehek, E., Sasota, J. & Sharvit, K. (2013). Terrorism: A (Self) Love Story Re-directing the Significance Quest Can End Violence, American Psychological Association, 68(7), 559–575.
Leistedt, S. J. (2013). Behavioural aspects of terrorism, Forensic Science International, Vol. 28 (1), 21-22.
Liddle R.J., Shackelford K.T. (2014). Evolutionary Psyhological Science of Suicide teorirsm, in Understanding Suicide teroris: Psyhological Dynamic, DOI:http/dx.doi.org/10.4135/9789351507901
Merari, A, Diamant, Bibi, А., Broshi, Y. and Zakin, G. (2010) 'Personality Characteristics of “Self Martyrs”/“Suicide Bombers” and Organizers of Suicide Attacks', Terrorism and Political Violence, 22: 1, 87 — 101
Mirvish, A. (2001). "Suicide Bombers, Authoritarian Minds, and the Denial of Others."Judaism 50, no. 4: 387-397.
Moghadam A. (2005). The Roots of Suicide Terrorism: a multi-causal approach, Harrington Workshop on the Root Causes of Suicide Terrorism University of Texas at Austin,
Moghadam, A. (2008). "Motives for Martyrdom: Al-Qaida, Salafi Jihad, and the Spread of Suicide Attacks." International Security 33, no. 3 46-78.
Motha, S. (2009). Liberal Cults, Suicide Bombers, and other Theological Dilemmas. Journal of Law, Culture, and Humanities, 5 (2). pp. 228-246. ISSN 1743-8721
Myers, K. (2002). "The Terrible Sight of a Female Terrorist." The Telegraph. October 26, 2002. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3583369/The-terriblesight-of-a- female-terrorist.html
Naqvi, H., Huma S., Kazim, S. F. (2011). Suicide bombing: A Geopolitical perspective, Journal Of Pakistan medicial association, Vol.61, No.1, 74-80
Post J. The Psychological and Behavioral Bases of Terrorism: Individual, Group and Collective Contributions
Rabasa A., Bernard C., Chalk P., Fair C., Karashik T. (2004). The muslim world after 9/11, RAND corporation,
Schmid, A. P. (2004). “Frameworks for Conceptualising Terrorism”, Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2004, 197-221.
Schweitzer Y. (2003). Female Suicide Bombers for God imra, Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies
Sosis, R. & Ruffle, B. (2003) Religious ritual and cooperation: Testing for a relationship on Israeli religious and secular kibbutzim. Current Anthropology 44:713–2
Strenski, I (2003). “Sacrifice, Gift and the Social Logic of Muslim ‘Human Bombers.’”Terrorism and Political Violence 15, no. 3: 1-34
Suicide terrorism Martyrdom and murder (2004), The Economist Jorunal,
Townsend, E. (2007). "Suicide Terrorists: Are They Suicidal?" Suicide & Life - Threatening Behavior 37, no. 1: 35-49.
Wintrobe, R. (2006). "Extremism, Suicide Terror, and Authoritarianism." Public Choice128, no, 1-2 : 169–195.












