UKRAINIANS IN VOJVODINA – PERSPECTIVES OF DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT AND PRESERVATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY
Keywords:
Ukrainians, demographic characteristics, cultural heritage, national identityAbstract
According to the 2011 census report, there were 4.202 Ukrainians, mostly in the municipalities of Kula, Vrbas, Sremaska Mitrovica, Novi Sad and Inđija. The history of this East Slavic people in this region dates back to the time of the Habsburg Monarchy, when, after the liberation of southern Hungary from the Turks, they moved to these territories. Most of the colonists settled on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, after which the Ukrainians made contacts with the Rusyns in the territory of Vojvodina, with whom they shared the same religion and similar language. After migration from Bosnia to Serbia, especially after the Second World War 1945-1946, Ukrainians mostly occupied settlements in Bačka and Srem.
Based on demographic projections, it can be concluded that the total number of Ukrainians in Vojvodina will continuously decline until the end of the projected period, ie. By 2050. The average number of live births of Ukrainian women who gave birth, according to the 2011 Census, was 2.05, which is slightly lower than the number needed for a simple replacement of generations (2.1), but higher than the national average (1.96). According to the 2011 Census, the Ukrainian ethnic group in Vojvodina already had a very unfavorable appearance of the gender-age pyramid, which indicates a regressive population. The projected appearance of the pyramid for 2050 indicates an even more unfavorable appearance.
These demographic indicators show an unclear future of the Ukrainian population in Serbia. A further decline in population and an increase in the average age can be expected. In such circumstances, Ukrainians face difficult tasks in their efforts to preserve their national identity. One of the aspects of that struggle is to nurture language and culture within cultural institutions. Today, there are five Ukrainian cultural artistic societies in Vojvodina. Ukrainians also have their own magazine "Ridne slovo". The founder of the publishing institution "Ridne slovo" is the National Council of the Ukrainian national minority. The newspaper "Ridne slovo", as the official newspaper of the Ukrainian community in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is financed by the Executive Council of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.
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