Understanding Colective Violence

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51738/Kpolisa2022.19.2p.223zs

Keywords:

violence, social violence, political violence, terrorism, religion

Abstract

Human history is closely connected to violence escalations. Although every generation expects humankind’s progress in all fields to bring awareness of global peace, violence is becoming more diverse and is quickly developing in the number of people participating in collective violence activities and in the way such aggression manifests. We, however, believe these acts of violence to be mostly caused, on one side, either by need for new inter-block division or to maintain hegemony, while on the other side they are an individual’s or group’s reaction in fight against inequality and injustice. It is also useful to recognise that what people see as violence has the tendency to be culturally endangered. Separation of state from church gave religion a new dimension in connection to its influence on state policies, and also offered a model for political entities to sacralise their power, as firm basis to build totalitarian regimes, which are characterised by collective violence. As a rule, violence breeds news violence, whether it is a response or fulfilling ambitions to expand power. Collective violence could be instigated by political, religious or other social violence. Understanding circumstances under which violence begins and develops can decrease the probability of it being used, especially when it comes to collective violence. In relation to this, our aim for this paper was to use methods of compilation and content analysis and therefore single out main causes of collective violence, which has led us to conclude that by identifying and understanding them on time we may decrease the possibility of violence being used with such scope and intensity to cause the heaviest consequences.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abrahms, M. (2008). What Terrorists Really Want: Terrorist Motives and Counterterrorism Strategy [Šta teroristi zaista žele: teroristički motivi i strategija za borbu protiv terorizma]. International Security, 32(4), 78–105.

Basu, A. (1995). Why Local Riots are not Simply Local: Collective Violence and the State in Bijnor, India 1988-1993 Zašto lokalni neredi nisu samo lokalni: kolektivno nasilje i država u Bidžnoru, Indija 1988–1993. Theory and Society, 2, 35–78.

Benford, R. D., & Snow, A. (2000). Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment Procesi davanja okvira i društveni pokreti: pregled i ocena. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 611–639.

Beyer, P. (2006). Religions in Global Society Religije u globalnom društvu. Routledge.

Bjelajac, Ž., & Subotin, M. (2018). Destruktivna moć islamskog verskog fanatizma kao motivacionog faktora za terorističke aktivnosti u Evropi. Kultura polisa, 15(2), 153–164. https://kpolisa.com/index.php/kp/article/view/623

Bonenberger, A. (2017, June 20). The War no One Notices in Ukraine Rat koji niko ne primećuje u Ukrajini. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/20/opinion/ukraine-russia.html

Bueno de Mesquita, E., & Dickson, E. S. (2007). The Propaganda of the Deed: Terrorism, Counterterrorism and Mobilization Propaganda dela: terorizam, protivterorizam i mobilizacija. American Journal of Political Science, 51(2), 364–381.

Casanova, J. (1994). Public Religions in the Modern World Javne religije u modernom svetu. University of Chicago Press.

Cronin, K. (2002/2003). Behind the Curve: Globalization and International Terrorism Iza krivine: globalizacija i međunarodni terorizam. International Security, 27(3), 30–58.

Delany, T. (n.d.). Collective Violence Kolektivno nasilje. In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved March 23, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/collective-violence

DeWall, C. N., Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2011). The general aggression model: Theoretical extensions to violence Opšti model agresije: teorijska proširenja nasilja. Psychology of Violence, 1(3), 245–258.

Dragojlović, J. (2017). Verski terorizam – glavni faktor ugrožavanja bezbednosti u Evropi. Kultura polisa, 14(1), 45–55. https://kpolisa.com/index.php/kp/article/view/777

Eickelman, D. F. (1997). Trans-state Islam and Security Trans-država Islam i bezbednost. In S. Hoeber Rudolph & J. P. Piscatori (Eds.), Transnational Religion and Fading States (pp. 27–46). Westview Press.

Eisenstadt, S. N. (1999). Fundamentalism, Sectarianism, and Revolution: The Jacobin Dimension of Modernity Fundamentalizam, sektarizam i revolucija: jakobinska dimenzija savremenosti. Cambridge University Press Fearon, J. D., & Laitin, D. D. (2003). Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War Etnička pripadnost, pobuna i građanski rat. American Political Science Review, 97(1), 75-90.

Hafez, M. M. (2004). From Marginalization to Massacres: A Political Process Explanation of GIA Violence in Algeria Od marginalizacije do masakra: politički proces objašnjenja nasilja Oružane islamske grupe (GIA) u Alžiru. In Q. Wiktorowicz (Ed.), Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach (pp. 37–60). University of Indiana Press.

Hoffman, B. (1995). Holy Terror: The Implications of Terrorism Motivated by a Religious Imperative Sveti teror: Implikacije terorizma motivisanog religijskim imperativom. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 18(4), 271–284.

Ioffe, J. (2017, August 16). The road to radicalism in Charlottesville Put ka radikalizmu u Šarlotvilu. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/08/charlottesville-radical-terrorism/536973/

Jackman, M. R. (2001). License to Kill: Violence and Legitimacy in Expropriative Social Relations Dozvola za ubistvo: nasilje i legitimitet u eksproprijativnim društvenim odnosima. In J. T. Jost & B. Major (Eds.), The Psychology of Legitimacy: Emerging Perspectives on Ideology, Justice, and Intergroup Relations (pp. 437–467). Cambridge University Press.

Jenkins, B. (1975). International Terrorism: A New Mode of Conflict Međunarodni terorizam: novi vid konflikta. Crescent Publications. Juergensmeyer, M. (1992). Sacrifice and Cosmic War Žrtva i kosmički rat. In M. Juergensmeyer (Ed.), Violence and the Sacred in the Modern World (pp. 101–118). Frank Cass.

Juergensmeyer, M. (2003). Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence Teror u umu boga: globalni porast religijskog nasilja. University of California Press.

Kaufman, S. J. (2006). Symbolic Politics or Rational Choice? Testing Theories of Extreme Ethnic Violence Simbolička politika ili racionalni izbor? Testiranje teorija ekstremnog etničkog nasilja. International Security, 30(4), 45–86.

Kydd, A., & Walter, B. F. (2006). The Strategies of Terrorism Strategije terorizma. International Security, 31(1), 49–80.

Marković, D. M. (2019). Totalitarianism as a Religious Phenomenon Totalitarizam kao religijski fenomen. Nauka i društvo, X(2), 5-20.

Marković, D. M. (2020). Understanding Religion in the Writings of Early Sociologists Razumevanje religije u radovima ranih sociologa. Nauka i društvo. VII(2), 30–46.

McVeigh, R. (1999). Structural Incentives for Conservative Mobilization: Power Devaluation and the Rise of the Ku Klux Klan, 1915–1925 Strukturalni podsticaji za konzervativnu mobilizaciju: obezvređivanje moći i uspon Kju Kluks Klana, 1915–1925. Social Forces, 77, 1461–1496.

Moghadam, A. (2008/2009). Motives for Martyrdom Motivi za mučeništvo. International Security, 33(3), 46–78.

Rapoport, D. C. (1984). Fear and Trembling: Terrorism in Three Religious Traditions Strah i trepet: terorizam u tri religijske tradicije. American Political Science Review, 78(3), 658–677.

Sageman, M. (2004). Understanding Terror Networks Razumevanje mreža terora. University of Pennsylvania Press.

Scott Appleby, R. (2000). The Ambivalence of the Sacred Ambivalentnost svetog. Rowman and Littlefield.

Scott, J. C. (1985). Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance Oružje slabih: svakodnevni oblici seljačkog otpora. Yale University Press.

Smith, C. (1996). Correcting a Curious Neglect, or Bringing Religion Back Ispravljanje neobičnog zanemarivanja ili povratak religije. In C. Smith (Ed.), Disruptive Religion: The Force Faith in Social Movement Activism. (pp. 1–29). Routledge.

Snow, D. A., & Byrd, R. C. (2007). Ideology, Framing Processes and Islamic Terrorist Movements Ideologija, proces davanja okvira i islamski teroristički pokreti. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 12(2), 119–136.

Snyder, T. (2015, July 21). Edge of Europe, end of Europe Rub Evrope, kraj Evrope. The New York Review of Books. https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2015/07/21/ukraine-kharkiv-edge of-europe/

Sorel, G. (1906/1950). Reflections on Violence Razmišljanja o nasilju. Free Press.

Stern, J. (2003). Terror in the Name of God: Why Religious Militants Kill Teror u ime boga: zašto religijski militanti ubijaju. Ecco.

Tarrow, S. (1998). Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics Moć u pokretu: društveni pokreti i sporna politika. Cambridge University Press.

Tilly, C. (2004). Terror, terrorism, terrorists Teror, terorizam i teroristi. Sociological Theory, 22(1), 5–13.

Zirojević, M., & Bjelajac, Ž. (2013). Bliskoistočni terorizam i religija u savremenom polisu. Kultura polisa, 10(22), 193–207. https://kpolisa.com/index.php/kp/article/view/1266

Zirojević M. T., & Marković D. M. (2020). Verski fundiran samoubilački terorizam. Bezbednost, 62(1), 103–120. https://doi.org/ 10.5937/bezbednost2001103Z

Zirojević, M. T., & Marković, D. M. (2020). Da li je antiteroristički globalni rat kompromitovan vojnim intervencionizmom?. U M. Kulić (Ur.). Uloga države i prava u XXI veku (pp. 489–499): tematski zbornik sa XVII međunarodnog naučnog skupa Pravnički dani – "Prof. dr Slavko Carić", Novi Sad 25. septembar 2020. Univerzitet Privredna akademija, Pravni fakultet za privredu i pravosuđe u Novom Sadu.

Downloads

Published

2022-06-29

How to Cite

Zirojevic, M., & Spaić, I. . (2022). Understanding Colective Violence. KULTURA POLISA, 19(2), 223–243. https://doi.org/10.51738/Kpolisa2022.19.2p.223zs

Metrics

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>