RESOLUTIONS ON WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY AND THEIR APPLICATION IN THE SECURITY SECTOR
Keywords:
resolution, security sector, NAP, policeAbstract
The UN Security Council (UNSC) has adopted in the past decade a number of resolutions that speak about the necessity that reform process of security sector take into account the specific security needs of women of all ages and to promote women's participation in this process. Since year 2000, Security Council adopted four resolutions on women, peace and security: Security Council Resolution (SCR 1325, SCR 1820, SCR 1888, SCR 1889.
SCR 1325, adopted in October 2000, recognizes the specific impacts of armed conflict on women and the significant contribution that women can make to security and reconciliation. SRC 1325 is committed to increasing representation of women in conflict prevention and conflict management. Special attention was paid to the need to incorporate gender perspectives in the implementation of peace agreements, in the process of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of combatants and in the training on gender issues for members of peacekeeping missions.
SCR 1820 was adopted in June 2008 on the 5916th meeting of the Security Council. It requires from countries to take special measures to protect women of any age from sexual violence in armed conflicts, to allow them access to institutions of justice, and to assist them as victims of violence. The SCR 1820 emphasizes the role of members of the peacekeeping mission in protection of civilians, and it emphasizes the urgent need to increase the number of women members of peacekeeping missions.
SCR 1888 was adopted in September 2009 on the 6195th meeting of the Security Council. With the resolution Security Council continues to insisting on preventing sexual violence in armed conflicts. The SCR 1888 underlines the urgent need to include issues related to sexual violence in peace processes, in agreements for the reintegration of combatants, in the reform of security sector, and in judicial reform. The resolution establishes new mechanisms within the UN to deal with cases of sexual violence in conflict, and it emphasized as a priority the participation of women in decision-making processes, as well as the inclusion of female staff in the missions led by the UN.
SCR 1889 was adopted in October 2009 on the 6196th meeting of the Security Council. SCR 1889 expands the focus of the Security Council on the participation of women in processes to establish peace, while stressing the need for women's participation in political and economic decision-making. The resolution emphasized as an urgent need: the inclusion of gender issues in all processes of recovery in postconflict period; funding and creating programs for the implementation of activities that empower the women; establishing of specific strategies in law enforcement and justice systems, which will meet the security needs and priorities of women of any age.
These four resolutions on women, peace and security stress the need for better and more efficient reaction of the security sector by which women would be protected from violence in situations of armed conflict, in post-conflict peace-building, and through all stages of peace processes.
None of these four resolutions on women, peace and security is legally binding on UN member countries. However, as a non-binding policy framework, they provide a normative plan that is supported on the international level, and which promotes the protection of human rights of women in conflict and post conflict situations, active participation of women, and the integration of gender perspectives in peace processes.
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