THE CULTURE OF NATIONAL SPACIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE
Keywords:
Culture, Culture of Values and Needs, Idealization of Culture, Culture of Joint Effort and Organized Behaviour, Accumulating Culture of Spatial Data Security, Operative and Technical Concepts of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure, Information Technology, International Standards, Specifications and DirectivesAbstract
In the field of humanities, the culture of national spatial data infrastructure is a syntagm that has not been sufficiently elaborated. In view of this fact, that focus of the paper is on elaborating those questions the possible answers to which may indicate a more valid and comparatively idealized concept of the model for establishing the national spatial data infrastructure, depending on administrative capacities of the state, developing awareness of the significance of spatial data, available data bases and sets of spatial data, cartographic sources, educational levels of users, available funds, information technology, and other factors.
The paper initially presents an interdisciplinary approach to the theoretical definition and division of culture and explains the fact that culture is characterized by a number of features. From the aspect of the subject matter in focus, an emphasis has been placed on the correlation between the culture of values and needs, that is the subculture of sustainable developments, protection, and preservation of the environment, security culture, mass culture, organizational culture, and counter-culture, providing the information that can be obtained based on a modern and sustainable concept of the spatial data infrastructure relevant for as wide a range of needs as one may have.
The paper then moves on to present the specific features of the culture of national spatial data infrastructure. It offers theoretical explanations related to the definition, idea, goal, architecture, limitations, conditions, and problems of establishing the infrastructure (in terms of requirements and obstacles), the institutional and legal framework for this, as well as the hierarchy of the national spatial data infrastructure.
The central part of the paper elaborates of the understanding and implementation of the highly complex principle of interoperability in designing the infrastructure of spatial data based on the INSPIRE Directive.
It can be said that interoperability is the basic principle of the SDI, based on the belief that differences between individual systems are not an obstacle in the realization of tasks related to that systems. The essence of the previous statement lie on fact that the SDI technology is strongly focused on the integration of spatial data from multiple sources, and that it can be integrated with other information technologies. Spatial Data Integration means integration of different data formats, different technologies obtained (the classic example, remote detection, GPS, etc.) and from different suppliers. Integration with other information technology means easy access to spatial data from different platforms and devices. Interoperability in the SDI is relized through service-oriented architecture, known as the basic architecture of the Internet. Spatial Data Infrastructure is facing the customer, so its interoperability builds not only on formal standards (ISOTC211 - International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee 211) but also on open standards (OGC – Open GIS Consortium and W3C - World Wide Web Consortium).
The closing part of the paper gives recommendations for further devising solutions to the previously determined problems related to the establishment of the national spatial data infrastructure in order to achieve idealized culture of the spatial data resources, users and providers of spatial data services. Possible suggestions include the following: redesigning the existing legal regulations by passing laws and regulations that would pertain to the adoption of standards, specifications and directives, compensation models, issues of confidentiality and restricted access to spatial data services, personal data protection, the rights of authors, distribution of spatial information and stable financing; enhancing the capacity for understanding and use of spatial data and information through the educational curricula of the university community; ensure better exchange and transfer of knowledge, along with international cooperation; strengthening coordination with the action plan for establishing eadministration with a view to improving communication among the public sector, economy, and the citizens.
The presented model represents a promotion of the culture of joint effort and organizational behaviour which is essentially related to the common interest as the best way to achieve individual interests of all subjects of the national spatial data infrastructure and its integration in the regional (European) and global frameworks. This means that a certain effort has been made to make up for conspicuous insufficiencies of both the scientific and expert literature, but also to speed up the already initiated debate and provide support for operative measures aimed at structuring the national spatial data infrastructure.
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