ON IMPORTANCE OF JUDICIAL AND INSPECTION BODIES IN FORMATION OF THE STATE SECURITY FUNCTION

Summary: In this paper author underlined the importance of judicial and inspection bodies in formation of the capacity of security of modern state. It is known that the judiciary bodies have a very important role in protection of the constitution-ality and legality of the state, because successful functioning of judicial system significantly contributes to formation of the capacity of security. It is very important that within the process of their own functioning the judicial authorities cooperate with the state security system. In certain situations functioning of the judicial system must be coordinated with the functioning of the security system, because neither the court nor the prosecutor’s office can solve the problems without the facts that they may find only in cooperation with the modern state security bodies. Such cooperation is necessary also in case of prevention function, because the judiciary bodies of the modern states also have a preventive role. In addition, the inspection services also significantly contribute to raising of the security system to a higher level by supervision of proper implementation and compliance to the law by citizens, working organizations and other kind of organizations. This supervision is exercised through inspections which function on all levels and have general and special authority powers.


ON IMPORTANCE OF JUDICIAL AND INSPECTION BODIES IN FORMATION OF THE STATE SECURITY FUNCTION
"Where freedoms conflict, the state has a duty to protect those in need of protection."

Lord Gardiner
Summary: In this paper author underlined the importance of judicial and inspection bodies in formation of the capacity of security of modern state.It is known that the judiciary bodies have a very important role in protection of the constitutionality and legality of the state, because successful functioning of judicial system significantly contributes to formation of the capacity of security.It is very important that within the process of their own functioning the judicial authorities cooperate with the state security system.In certain situations functioning of the judicial system must be coordinated with the functioning of the security system, because neither the court nor the prosecutor's office can solve the problems without the facts that they may find only in cooperation with the modern state security bodies.Such cooperation is necessary also in case of prevention function, because the judiciary bodies of the modern states also have a preventive role.In addition, the inspection services also significantly contribute to raising of the security system to a higher level by supervision of proper implementation and compliance to the law by citizens, working organizations and other kind of organizations.This supervision is exercised through inspections which function on all levels and have general and special authority powers.
Keywords: security, capacity, state, court, prosecution, inspections Judicial system is an important subsystem of general security system of a state.Judicial bodies, in cooperation with other parts of the security system, in the most concrete way contribute to building of the security function of the state.Each ------------ * gradoslav@ptt.rspart of the system is extremely important for successful functioning of the system, in accord with the principle that "the chain is as strong as the weakest link in the chain." The security system cannot function (or, in other words, the sharpness of the state security function "gets blunted" in the process), if it is not unified, coordinated, total and comprehensive.The judicial system is one of the most important parts of the state security system or whole political system in general.It is timely detection and incrimination of actions and procedures that imperil the security of citizens and state which reduces the risks of imperilment of the security.
Therefore the prevention is the factor of diversion of imperilment of security, and on the other hand, timely detection of the inspirers and perpetrators of these actions helps that the state with its judiciary system efficiently retaliates.In other words, the state sends a response to violence, by which it narrows the scope of violent activities against the state and its citizens.The court, prosecution and inspection services have a special role in the building of the state security function (Gacinovic 2012, 312).

The court as an important factor of functioning of the security system
The court is an independent state body which exercises judicial power in independent way.It protects freedoms and rights of citizens, the rights and interests of legal subjects and it provides constitutionality and legality (Jovasevic 2005, 699).The history of trials, ie. the history of resolving conflicts regarding the fact whether to somebody and to whom certain right belongs, is related to history of society itself.The court, as a separate institution on its own, has appeared in the society organized in the form of a state.In the beginning, the court was an institution composed of occasional councils of citizens, and later the trial was entrusted to judges, that is, to the citizens for whom the trial became a permanent occupation.Nowadays in modern state the court is a permanent body which, despite some frequently important differences, has preserved the appearance of a body that objectively determines the facts relevant to decision-making process and then makes decisions based on the law. 1 The position of the court has been different in different historical epochs.Initially it was an executive body and its powers were "borrowed" from the holders of executive power.
As a reaction to such comprehension of the power, ie.authorization, in modern society there was adopted a conception regarding division of power on legislative, executive and judicial power, which in accord to its meaning and power was completely equal to legislative and executive power. 2   ------------ 1 The role of the court has not been the same in all historical epochs nor in all the states in one historical epoch, and neither is the role of the court the same in modern society.Regardless of certain general features of the courts and formal preconditions for the administration of the justice, the role of the court as a social institution always depends on social-political preconditions which exist in certain period and in certain society.Some greatest lawlessness and injustice might be hidden under the guise of formal "objectivity" (Политичка енциклопедија, Савремена администрација, Београд, 1975, p. 1040). 2

Ibid
Therefore the court is a state judicial body which performs judicial function.When performing this function the courts are independent and they judge on the basis of the constitution, laws and other regulations.Basic holders of judicial office are regular courts.Among other things within their judicial function, they impose penalties and other measures against perpetrators of criminal law and perpetrators of other criminal offenses.In performing of their functions in criminal proceedings the courts must adhere to following principles: legality, permanence of criminal matters, truth, multilevel of criminal proceedings, prosecutions, deliberations, criminal court activities, free judicial conviction, publicity, orality, immediacy and economy.
The jurisdiction of the court in criminal proceedings has three forms: it can be real, local and functional form.Real jurisdiction of the court is the right and duty of the court to try and adjudicate a certain criminal matter.The assignment of criminal matters to actual jurisdiction of one or another court is done according to the nature and gravity of criminal offenses, ie.according to characteristic features of their perpetrators (Gacinovic 2012, 314).
Local jurisdiction implies the right and duty of the court as a competent holder of authority to judge and adjudicate criminal matters on its own territory (the area where this court administers criminal justice).Territorial jurisdiction is determined in several ways, considering different relations between a criminal offense and a defendant according to the territory of one court.There are regular and extraordinary local competencies, with the former being taken as a rule and the latter being the exception.Regular local competencies are: jurisdiction over the residence or the place of stay of the defendant and jurisdiction over the place of arrest of the defendant.Extraordinary local competencies are: jurisdiction by the principle of priority, certain jurisdiction and delegated jurisdiction by connection, ie. by connection between several criminal acts.
Functional jurisdiction implies the division of affairs within a court during a criminal proceeding (in a criminal court) (Aleksić, Milovanović 1993, 278).Therefore, judicial activity consists of preparing the procedure, managing the procedure and making a decision regarding a specific matter.Each court procedure, and in particular this implies for criminal procedure, is a complex procedure and requires the participation of different judicial entities such as: pre-trial judge, pre-trial hearing judge, single active court judge, trial panel and appellation panel, which is the result of realization of functional competency as one of regular competencies (Kokolj 2009, 46-47).
On one hand successful functioning of judicial system is a prerequisite for strengthening of security function of the state, and on the other hand it is the prerequisite for raising overall state and citizens' security capacity to a higher level (Gacinovic 2012, 229).
Thus, the judicial system consists of all courts, prosecutor's offices, the Ministry of Justice and all state institutions that are included in the state legal system.Principle of independence of the judiciary is expressed through several princi-

ples: the principle of independence of the judiciary from legislative and executive powers, the principle of obligation of court decisions for all and the duty of all to respect the executive court decision, the principle of control of the court decision by competent court in prescribed procedure, and the principle of prohibition of out-ofcourt review of the court decisions.
In modern state the jurisdiction of the court is prescribed by the constitution and the law, and the court cannot refuse to act and decide on the matter over which it has jurisdiction.In one state there are following courts of general jurisdiction: basic courts, higher courts, appellate courts and the Supreme Court of Cassation, as well as the courts of special jurisdiction: commercial courts, commercial appellate court, misdemeanor courts, higher misdemeanor court and administrative court.In addition, it is judicial administration which has a significant role in judicial system of the state.The judiciary has the task of controlling legality of functioning of all state bodies, which includes also the security system bodies.
Courts must have a response to possible abuses and in many states they have jurisdiction to authorize security services to take some delicate and sensitive measures which violate human rights and freedoms of citizens, for example, the authorizations for covert wiretapping, covert surveillance and some other activities.Therefore the courts protect the freedoms and rights of citizens and ensure constitutionality and legality; courts are independent in performing their judicial function and judge on the basis of the constitution, laws and other general acts; the hearing before the court is public and only exceptionally closed for purpose of keeping secrets and protection of morality, interests of minors or protection of other special interests of the state -the law may determine the cases when the public is excluded from the hearing in the court; the judges and citizens participate in the trial as judges (lay judges or jurors) and no one participating in the trial can be held accountable for the opinion given during the court decision.The courts must implement the code of "fair judge", which implies that their decisions are based on legal acts and justice, and the International Convention on Human Rights warns that "everyone has the right to be tried by a court established by the law" (Gacinovic 2012, 314).

Contribution of the prosecutor's office to the capacity of building of the state security system
The Prosecutor's Office, together with the courts, protects the constitutional state order and has a prominent role in prosecuting all the people who violate the constitution and laws of their states, and also those who act against the interests of the state, that is, against the interests of its national security.This primarily refers to the spies, ie agents of foreign intelligence services, terrorists and other destructive organizations.The public prosecutor is ex officio primarily authorized to prosecute criminal offenses in respect of the law.
The public prosecutor does not hold monopoly on criminal prosecution (except in case of minors, in relation to which he is the only authorized prosecutor), and is only a primary judge for such crimes, and only under certain conditions instead of the primary judge the prosecution can be taken over by the injured party.In such case in legal sense the injured party becomes damaged party as a prosecutor, and in theory as a rule is designated as a subsidiary prosecutor.It is a kind of procedural correction to the role of the public prosecutor, and it is a long, decades-long tradition of the criminal procedural system of the modern state (Škulić 2006, 110).
The public prosecutor is a subject deciding upon criminal procedure and primarily performing the function of criminal prosecution for the acts that are prosecuted ex officio, and he/she acts within the public prosecutor's organization, which implies the existence of the public prosecutor's office as a separate state body (Škulić 2006, 111).
The Public Prosecutor's Office is an independent state body which prosecutes perpetrators of criminal acts and protects constitutionality and legality by investing legal remedies and undertakes other actions for which it is authorized by law.It follows that the public prosecutor's office is not defined as an independent office, but only as separate one, which is logical, and from which there follows its more pronounced connection with the executive power.However, regardless of it, in principle the executive power must refrain from making impact on the public prosecutor's offices, just as the public prosecutors, although in principle not designated as independent subjects on their own, must resist any attempt of having the influence imposed upon themselves, ie.they must act exclusively independently.
In addition to this, the abovementioned definition implies that basic functions of the public prosecutor are: the function of prosecuting persons in relation to whom there is a certain legally defined degree of suspicion that they committed a crime; protective function in relation to the constitutionality and legality, which is implemented by investing certain legal remedies, and the function of undertaking other actions which is the function for which the legislator authorized him (Škulić 2006, 110).Therefore, the public prosecutor's office is an important institution in the process of successful functioning of the state in general sense and in particular taking into consideration the state security system.
The work of the prosecutor's office is based on a monocratic system, hierarchical organization, the right of substitution and the right of devolution.The monocratic principle of organization implies that all prosecutorial powers belong to the chief prosecutor who represents the prosecutor's office and decides on behalf of it and is personally responsible for the work of the prosecutor's office and performs disciplinary responsibility as its chairman.Devolution occurs when a senior public prosecutor takes over the actions that otherwise are taken by the lower public prosecutor who is authorized to take such actions, while the substitution exists when the higher public prosecutor transfers the authorization to a certain lower public prosecutor to perform certain actions for which otherwise other lower public prosecutor is competent upon (Kokolj 2009, 70).The Prosecutor's Office ex officio prosecutes perpetrators of all serious crimes, both within the framework of classical and organized crime and the framework of political crime, and in that sense it represents an important subject of protection of the constitutional order.The Public Prosecutor's Office performs its function on the basis of the Constitution and the law, in accordance with the policy determined by legal acts of the state parliaments.The right and duty of the public prosecutor's of-fice is to inform the parliament about the implementation of the law and about its own work.In addition to it, the public prosecutor monitors social phenomena and makes proposals to the parliament and other bodies and organizations for taking measures for prevention of socially harmful and dangerous phenomena and for strengthening legality and social responsibility.
Successful realization of such their function represents a significant contribution to development of security function of the state.The Public Prosecutor's Office, ie. the Public Prosecutor has basic right and duty to prosecute the perpetrators of criminal acts.
Prosecution of the perpetrators consists of taking necessary measures to detect crimes and their perpetrators, filing the request for the investigation (by which the existence of a crime is confirmed), filing the indictment and its representation in the court.

The inspection services in the construction and functioning of the state security system
Inspections (lat.inspection -supervision, inspection, control) are administrative bodies responsible for performing supervision over proper implementation and observance of the law by the labor and other organizations, ie.citizens.This supervision is exercised through inspections which function at all levels and have general and special authorization.General scope that is common to all inspection services is prescribed by the laws on the administration, ie inspection.Special authorizations (competencies) are defined in systemic laws which regulate the organization and competence in certain areas.
Primary task of the inspections is preventive action.In performing their supervision the inspection bodies have the right to inspect business premises, facilities, devices and equipment, the correctness of the business and documentation and they can take samples and statements and request certain expertise.A record is made of all actions taken.If during the activities of the supervision it is determined that a criminal offense, economic offense or any misdemeanor has been committed, the inspection must immediately submit the report about it to competent authority (Aleksic, Milovanovic 1993, 91).
Timely and comprehensive inspections have a significant role for purpose of efficient functioning of the state security system.It is achieved through the elimination of deficiencies identified during the control and also with the emphasis on the inspection services' proposals for improvement of the security system.
Inspection bodies, services, institutes and institutions significantly contribute to the construction of the state security system by proclaiming and implementing their laws and regulations and finally by quality and professional conduct in accord to these laws and regulations.
By the Law on Inspection Supervision the state regulates the powers, rights and obligations of authorized inspectors, ie. the inspection body that performs the inspection supervision.This law regulates the powers of inspectors in performing the inspection supervision which encompasses: the control of facilities and space, land, equipment and devices and business books and documentation; temporary seizure of documentation, objects and other things; the prohibition of performing certain actions, etc.In case that during the inspection procedure it is determined or assessed that the law was violated, the inspector can order the closure of the facility or premises and confiscation or destruction of the items, prohibition of disposal of the funds from the business account, etc. Ministries and administrative bodies perform the inspection supervision in accordance with the law and other regulations.The inspection supervision is performed by direct inspection of an institution, legal entity, state body and municipal body, the capital city, local government body and other body and organization, business company and other form of performing economic activity, a person or other entity (Gacinovic 2012, 319).
The inspection supervision is performed with purpose of complying with the laws and other regulations and legal acts, as well as for purpose of taking administrative and other measures and actions in order to harmonize identified irregularities with the regulations.
Within the scope of performing the inspection supervision the inspector has the authority to: inspect facilities and premises, land, equipment and devices, the tools and other objects for work, the products placed on the market, the goods in transfer circulation, the trade in goods and services, the business book, records and registers, the contracts, public documents and other business documentation; the inspector also determines the identity of the subject of supervision and of other persons; the inspector takes the samples from the supervised subject and other persons; the inspector takes the statements from the supervised subject and other persons; the inspector takes the samples that are necessary to determine the factual situation; the inspector orders taking appropriate measures and actions for purpose of providing the supervision; the inspector temporarily confiscates documentation, items and other things that are necessary for purpose for determination of the factual situation; and the inspector prohibits the performance of certain actions and provides the implementation of prescribed measures and other measures that are necessary for the performance of the inspection supervision.
Basic features of the inspection supervision are: it is a basic form of administrative supervision, with the possibility of making a certain deviation in some areas of administration in which certain issues of the inspection supervision can be regulated by a special law and differently; in the Republic of Serbia the inspection supervision is performed exclusively by the state administration bodies (ministries), and only exceptionally by a special legal authorization, in certain situation and specific areas, and also it is performed by territorial autonomy bodies and local selfgovernment units; 3 it is performed by authoritative methods, with the imposition of ------------measures and taking other actions prescribed by the law, which can range from indicating and ordering the elimination of observed irregularities, through temporary suspension, to banning the activities of legal subjects; it is performed over nonauthoritative activities of the supervised subjects, usually in the actions and operations, and in some areas also in professional activities of the legal subjects; the inspection supervision is the supervision of another person's work, ie.over the work and business of the supervised legal subjects, outside the structure of the state administration system.The inspection supervision that is performed within organizational and functional unit of the state administration by administrative inspection, consists of specific inspection activities, special purpose, special methods of its functioning and content.
The result of successful inspection supervision is the efficiency in functioning of the institutions and by achieving it the result is also its contribution to strengthening of the security function of the state.The inspectors are independent in the performance of their duties within the limits of their authority and are personally responsible for their work.The independence is a necessary precondition for their efficient, objective and successful work.The term "independence" should be comprehended in the way that no one can influence the work of the inspectors in any way and on any occasion.The scope of independence of the inspector is limited only by the inspector's authorizations that he/she has, ie. by the inspector's powers which are determined by the law and other regulations.The notion of independence of the inspector implies that the official who manages the state administration body, which included the inspection, cannot take measures and actions that belong to the competence of the inspector, nor can the official exert any influence on the inspector's work which could violate the principle of independence.
The role of the official in performing the inspection supervision should be performed in accordance with the official's role determined by systemic regulations in the administration, ie. to improve the work of the inspection by appropriate planning and programming of the work, by coordination with other bodies and services, by elimination of negative influences on the objectivity of the work of the inspection, etc. (Gacinovic 2012, 322).
Since they have specific authorizations that other members of the state administration do not have, the work of the inspectors is subject to special and specific responsibilities.The content of these responsibilities derives from the competencies that the inspectors have.Starting from the rights and duties that the inspector has, there are constituted the content and reasons for the responsibility.This implies that if the inspector did not perform his/her rights and duties within the limits of his competence, the inspector would automatically get into the mechanism of the envisaged responsibility.In line with this, in particular the inspector is responsible if within the process of the inspection he/she does not take, propose or determine the measure for which the inspector is authorized, ie.if the inspector does not propose or initiate the proceedings before the competent authority due to some illegality or irregularity, and if he/she exceeds the established limits of the inspector's authority.
Therefore, within the limits of the inspector's authority the inspector may order the implementation of measures and actions with the determination of the neces-sary deadline for its implementation, and by an administrative act -decision the inspector may decide on the matter that is the subject of the inspection procedure.The decision can be announced as the written decision and oral one.The written decision is regular one and it is the rule in acting of the inspector, while the oral decision is an exception in cases when there exists an immediate threat to people's life and health or the threat to the safety of property, and such decision is announced for purpose of securing the public peace and security.The oral decision should be stated in the minutes (transcript) of a performed examination, and it is the duty of the inspector to make and submit it in a written form within a prescribed period of time.The inspector may impose a mandatory sentence; submit the report to a competent authority for a committed crime or economic crime and submit the request for initiating the summary defense (the misdemeanor investigation); issue a temporary order, ie. the ban in accordance with the law; adopt security measures in case of the danger to the people's life and health, or for other public interests (Gaćinović 2012, 323).
These are administrative measures that are in particular characteristic for the inspection bodies.They are of a material-legal character and represent a real objective that is to be achieved by an administrative act and achieved by an administrative action.In terms of the content these measures can be: repressive (mandatory fines, filing a criminal report, request to initiate misdemeanor proceedings, report for an economic crime, etc.); corrective measures, which require the harmonization of behavior and work with the prescribed measures; preventive (sanitary, veterinary, labor inspections), which, in fact, represent security measures: quarantine, destruction of some food items, diseased plants and livestock, etc., and informing other bodies if there are reasons for taking measures by these bodies (the courts, prosecutor's offices, etc.); taking an initiative with the authorized body for the suspension of the implementation, that is, for annulment and abolishment of the regulations or other legal act if they are not in accordance with the constitution and the law; and taking other measures and actions if the inspector is authorized to do it by law and other regulations.
Hence, the inspector has significant immediate powers which he/she can undertake or propose regarding the situation which the inspector has identified during the inspection supervision, and these powers can be very effective.In performing the inspection supervision, the inspection bodies are obliged to cooperate with each other and cooperate with other legal bodies and organizations.Professional and lawbased functioning of the inspection services significantly contributes to the construction of the state security function in general, and in particular to the security of the citizens of the state.At the request of the inspector the state and other bodies are obliged to submit the required data and information that are necessary for functioning of the inspector's functions.Considering modern scientific achievements, knowledge, methods and tools it is necessary to adequately equip the security system itself in order to be able to detect some unusual phenomena and activities which may at least indicate that there could be some form of violation of the security system of the state and its citizens.

A conclusion paragraph
"Don't despise a weak child, such child might be the child of a tiger."

A folk proverb
Main objective of this monograph is an analysis of the state security system by an interdisciplinary approach and determination of new procedures in the construction of the state security system.At the same time, the objective of this monograph is also the author's attempt to contribute to a more efficient functioning of the state security system in the environment of increasingly intensive security challenges and threats in the beginning of 21 st century.It is a great scientific challenge for this author, but it is also a hope that this work will encourage the states and the Organization of the United Nations to think about how to actually overcome the latent danger of all kinds of political violence and imperilment of the security of the state.
Hence, it is necessary to intensify the security culture, organization and construction of the state security system at all levels.For purpose of achieving it, all functions of the state are included in it, such as following functions: Service function -the state as a producer of public goods (schools, hospitals, police, army, fire protection service, utilities and postal services, etc.) which the life of modern man depends on, and without which the modern man's life cannot be imagined; economic function -the state as a regulator and helper, because it operates over macroeconomics and regional and other policies to support the economy within its territory -it also produces physical infrastructure for the improvement of the economy (the roads, railways, transmission lines, telecommunications, etc.); legal function -the state as an arbiter, as it enacts laws -general binding norms, by which the state itself is limited regarding the conduct in society, and by which the state regulates the rules of conduct of its citizens, and at the same time it is a judge above all conflicts in the society and is neutral in adjudication disputes; social function -the state as a social engineer has the function of finding a balance between social inequality of certain social groups within a society and maintaining social peace policy in the society, ideological function of the state -based on the theory of relations between economic base and ideological political superstructure (ideology is one of basic factors of cohesion and homogeneity in the society, which is an important precondition for successful defense, ie. for security of the state) and security function -all the abovementioned functions of the state are the substrate of the security function.The security function is also a service function, because the society within the state is: secured -provided with "the services" of security; the service of development of the economy as a material base of material-technical equipment and professional training for the security services and bodies; the law defines vital values of the society as well as socially dangerous events that imperil the values and legal basis of the duties and competencies of security bodies to prevent and suppress such events; good social policy prevents the conflicts among social groups with different living stan-dards, and ideology is the basis for building a code of conduct that does not tolerate any non-security phenomena.
The security function can also be identified with a coercive function of the state which is related to the preservation of the vital values of the society: the sovereignty; territorial integrity and independence and the fight against the crime.Basic function of the security is preventive function, ie. to be, with its organization and knowledge, an instrument of deterrence of hostile activity of organizations, groups and individuals.If such activities do occur after all, the subjects of the security system must react effectively in order to timely discover the cause of the imperilment and eliminate its bearers in a legally permitted manner.
There are many theoretical considerations regarding the use of the term "security" itself, and there are different scientific views on the security, in particular having in consideration that this term is used as a basic value of interpersonal relationships in all areas of life and work.Hence the multiplicity of its use, but with a basic objective of it -preserving and achieving the safety of citizens.In this sense, it is rightful to underline that the security has the function of service.However, in one society, neither maximum security nor absolute freedom can be achieved.The point is that there is the need to ensure a balance between the security protection and fundamental rights and freedoms of the citizens and interests of the social community.In this sense, the freedom and security should be primarily comprehended as variables, taking into consideration divergent conflicting and irreconcilable interests of individuals and groups in all societies.
Differences among societies that have existed throughout history also do exist at the beginning of the 21st century and have caused the necessity of measuring forces on political, military, ideological and economic level in order to change the balance of power and impose appropriate value systems.In this sense the science of security faces great challenges, in particular in the period of great political, national, economic, security and other processes with divergent views on resolving the issues of vital importance to humankind.In this process there come the conflicts, security turbulences, conflicts and dangers with the use of force and various forms of violence, which question the foundations of humanism.Still there is "no humanism without identity", integrity and sovereignty of an individual and community, in terms of freedom of action in reality, because such values are highest values of humanity that have arisen from the essence of human being.
Most often elements of integral security of the state protect values and general interests: defense of the state and its citizens; preservation and intensive development of democracy, democratic institutions; a prosperous and free society; the rule of law; respect for human and civil rights, including minority rights; full integration of a nation state into international community of the states on regional and global level; ensuring social and every other security of the population; preserving cultural and historical identity of the countrymen in the diaspora, protection of natural environment and ensuring a healthy ecological environment.General interests of national states that are defined in this way are accomplished in accordance with generally accepted international standards and codes.Hence all states express determina-tion to protect their own interests by all available and permitted means and actively participate in the construction and protection of universal values of international community.There are different views on the security concept, ranging from the concept of individual to global security, and they indicate divergent views on theoretical determination of the notion of security.However, at the same time such views provide the selection and overview of common elements which create the basis for a possible generally accepted future definition of national security.
In coming period the international security system will face great challenges regarding the preservation of collective security of the population and protection of the citizens from all kinds of violence.In order to achieve such objective, among other things, additional seriousness of the state is necessary, with continuous engagement of the state in building a security system, along with constant monitoring of scientific achievements in the field of military, social and technical sciences and along with the necessity of building and development of the strategy of deterrence and retaliation.Special attention should be paid to building of ethical standards which also include the feeling of commitment to protect the citizens on both local and global levels.
However, peoples should not live in a delusion that an imaginary and once established system of highly professional defense is a sufficient guarantee for constant and successful opposition to all forms of threats in present and future times of development of international relations.
All types of violence must be fought primarily by the state system itself, by its strength, quality, vitality, democracy that is at the core of the state system, legal state and further development of the freedoms and rights of citizens, and also by strengthening of these relations in all areas of social life.If a democratic society is ethically, economically and organizationally stronger and more stable -it feels more responsible for the process of protection of society and in line with it there decreases the possibility of the appearance of all forms of violent activities which endanger the security of society and its citizens.
However, in these unstable times from the aspect of science it would be unjustified to insist only on a preventive activity of the security system, because without repressive and combative function of one state, and of the UN as well, it is not possible to keep the situation under control on both local and global levels.Therefore, the army, police, intelligence and security services, civil defense, the state customs system, judicial and inspection bodies, as well as the citizens of the state, play a significant role in building the security function of the state.